Release Notes for Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 (`potato'), Intel x86
Chapter 1 What's New in Debian GNU/Linux 2.2

[The most recent version of this document is always available at http://www.debian.org/releases/2.2/i386/release-notes/. If your version is more than a month old, you might wish to download the latest version.]

Debian's previous release, Debian GNU/Linux 2.1, included four officially supported architectures: Intel x86 (``i386''), Motorola 680x0 (``m68k''), Alpha (``alpha''), and SPARC (``sparc''). In this new release, we have introduced two additional architectures: PowerPC (``powerpc'') and ARM (``arm''). You can read more about port status, and port-specific information for your architecture at the Debian port web pages.

Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 for the Intel x86 architecture ships with kernel version 2.2.17. The 2.2 kernel series are a new kernel generation introducing several valuable changes both in the kernel and in other programs based on kernel features, along with a whole slew of new hardware drivers and bug fixes for existing drivers.

1.1 What's New in the Installation System?

The boot-floppies and the debian-cd packages include a number of improvements over Debian 2.1. There have been notable improvements in network installation support, including DHCP configuration support. More architectures support serial console installation.

The old profiles and tasks selection system has been replaced by Debian "meta-packages" (packages whose only purpose is to depend on other packages) and an interface called tasksel. This means that tasks can be used at any time, not just installation time, and can be retained across upgrades.

Post-reboot configuration, which used to be performed by a batch of shell scripts, are now performed by the base-config package, which uses debconf. It is expected that for the next major Debian release, debconf will be the main interface users interact with during installation and configuration.

Kernel images are available in various "flavors". These flavors each support a different set of hardware. The flavors available in Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 for Intel x86 are:

`vanilla'

The standard kernel package available in Debian. This includes almost all drivers supported by Linux built as modules. This includes drivers for network devices, SCSI devices, sound cards, Video4Linux devices, etc. The `vanilla' flavor includes one rescue, one root and three driver disks.

`udma66'

Very similar to `vanilla', except it includes Andre Hedrick's IDE patches to support UDMA66 devices.

`compact'

Like `vanilla', but with many of the less-frequently-use drivers removed (sound, v4l, etc). In addition, it has built in support for several popular PCI ethernet devices -- NE2000, 3COM 3c905, Tulip, Via-Rhine and Intel EtherExpress Pro100. These built in drivers allow you to take full advantage of the Debian installer's net install feature to install the driver and/or base system over the network so that only the root and rescue disks need to be made. Finally, `compact' also supports several common RAID controllers: DAC960, and Compaq's SMART2 RAID controllers. The `compact' flavor includes one rescue, one root and one driver disks.

`idepci'

Kernel that supports only IDE and PCI devices (and a very small number of ISA devices). This kernel should be used if the SCSI drivers in the other flavors cause your system to hang on startup (probably because of resource conflicts, or a misbehaving driver/card in your system.) The `idepci' flavor also has a built-in ide-floppy driver so that you can install from LS120 or ZIP devices.

The kernel config files for these flavors can be found in their respective directories in a file named "kernel-config".

1.2 What's New in the Distribution?

All Debian architectures are now based on the new GNU C Library release 2.1.2. Although the new glibc made the new packages uninstallable on the previous release, it did retain backwards binary compatibility with old packages compiled for glibc 2.0 from Debian GNU/Linux releases 2.1 and 2.0, and almost complete source compatibility with those older sources.

In this release, most of the basic system utilities have started using PAM, the Pluggable Authentication Modules, which provides system administrators with a powerful method of controlling system access and methods of authentication. PAM allows a single point of administrating authentication and account management. If you want to change your authentication programs to a different scheme (e.g. OPIE, Kerberos, etc..) you only need to modify the PAM configuration files for those programs instead of recompiling the program itself.

The 2.2 release is the first version of Debian that includes complete support for our Japanese users, who had to use add-on Debian JP packages up to now, to get multi-byte character support. Additionally, we have increased the level of internationalization, and improved support for most non-Latin languages.

The number of packages our main distribution includes is now around 3950, increasing the number of packages by 50%, as usual.

The 2.2 release also features several important program and library upgrades, such as XFree86 3.3.6, Perl 5.005.03, GCC 2.95.2, PAM 0.72, GTK+/GLib 1.2.7, GNOME 1.0.56, ncurses 5.0, teTeX 1.0.6, XEmacs 21.1.8, S-Lang 1.3.9, GGI 1.99.2, and many more.

As with the upgrade from release 2.0 to 2.1, most changes from 2.1 to 2.2 are incremental. A lot of new packages and new versions of old packages are included, along with a bounty of new features and bug fixes. The same dpkg+apt packaging system is still used for performing the upgrades, and we have made every effort to make the transition as painless and as flawless as possible.

apt, now at version 0.3.19, which is used in conjunction with dpkg, now at version 1.6.13, is the preferred package installation tool, as it has support for several different package sources (CD-ROMs and other removable disks, local or network-mounted hard drives, or remote Internet FTP or HTTP sites). It can be used either from the command-line as apt-get, or as a package acquisition (download) method in dselect, to install new or upgrade existing binary (or source) packages.

The Official CD-ROM distribution ships as three binary package CD-ROMs. The first binary CD contains parts of the "main" section, but it can include the "non-US/main" section, too. The other two binary CDs contain the rest of "main", and "contrib". If your vendor adds (portions of) "non-free" and/or "non-US/non-free" sections to the CD set, there may be additional CDs. The first and second CD-ROM disks from the set are bootable, and are usually used for starting new installations. The first CD uses the `vanilla' kernel flavor. If there are problems booting from this CD, you can use the second CD which uses the `compact' flavor. All of the CDs are self-contained, meaning you can insert any one of them and operate with its contents, without needing to meddle with others. apt-cdrom is used to manage multiple CDs, either through the command line interface, apt-cdrom, or the apt access method for dselect.

Likewise there are three source CDs, the first of which may optioanlly include the non-US/main source. (Note: some sites my carry both US & non-US #1 CDs, making a total of 4)