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Capitolo 13. Postazione di lavoro

13.1. Configurazione del server X11
13.2. Personalizzazione dell'interfaccia grafica
13.2.1. Scelta di un display manager
13.2.2. Scelta di un window manager
13.2.3. Gestione dei menu
13.3. Desktop grafici
13.3.1. GNOME
13.3.2. KDE
13.3.3. Xfce e altri
13.4. Posta elettronica
13.4.1. Evolution
13.4.2. KMail
13.4.3. Thunderbird e Icedove
13.5. Browser web
13.6. Sviluppo
13.6.1. Strumenti per GTK+ su GNOME
13.6.2. Strumenti per Qt su KDE
13.7. Lavoro collaborativo
13.7.1. Lavorare in gruppi: groupware
13.7.2. Lavoro collaborativo con FusionForge
13.8. Suite per l'ufficio
13.9. Emulazione di Windows: Wine
13.10. Real-Time Communications software
Ora che i server sono stati allestiti, gli amministratori possono dedicarsi a installare le singole postazioni di lavoro e creare una configurazione tipica.

13.1. Configurazione del server X11

La configurazione iniziale dell'interfaccia grafica può essere complicata a volte; schede video molto recenti spesso non funzionano alla perfezione con la versione di X.org fornita nella versione stabile di Debian.
A brief reminder: X.org is the software component that allows graphical applications to display windows on screen. It includes a driver that makes efficient use of the video card. The features offered to the graphical applications are exported through a standard interface, X11 (Jessie contains its X11R7.7 version).
Current versions of X.org are able to autodetect the available hardware: this applies to the video card and the monitor, as well as keyboards and mice; in fact, it is so convenient that the package no longer even creates a /etc/X11/xorg.conf configuration file. This is all made possible by features provided by the Linux kernel (in particular for keyboards and mice), by having each driver list the video cards it supports, and by using the DDC protocol to fetch monitor characteristics.
The keyboard configuration is currently set up in /etc/default/keyboard. This file is used both to configure the text console and the graphical interface, and it is handled by the keyboard-configuration package. Details on configuring the keyboard layout are available in Sezione 8.1.2, «Configurare la tastiera».
Il pacchetto xserver-xorg-core fornisce un server X generico, come usato dalle versioni 7.x di X.org. Questo server è modulare e usa un insieme di driver indipendenti per gestire i molti diversi tipi di schede video. L'installazione di xserver-xorg assicura che sia il server che almeno un driver video siano installati.
Note that if the detected video card is not handled by any of the available drivers, X.org tries using the VESA and fbdev drivers. The former is a generic driver that should work everywhere, but with limited capabilities (fewer available resolutions, no hardware acceleration for games and visual effects for the desktop, and so on) while the latter works on top of the kernel's framebuffer device. The X server writes its messages to the /var/log/Xorg.0.log log file, which is where one would look to know what driver is currently in use. For example, the following snippet matches what the intel driver outputs when it is loaded:
(==) Matched intel as autoconfigured driver 0
(==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 1
(==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 2
(==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 3
(==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
(II) LoadModule: "intel"
(II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so